Risk factors for multiple sclerosis: race or place?

Risk factors for multiple sclerosis: race or place?

Environmental Risk Factors in Multiple Sclerosis: A Narrative Review

Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the chronic autoimmune diseases and a progressive disease of the central nervous system that have unknown causes. Objective This study aims to review the environmental risk factors of MS. Methods In this review study, a search was conducted in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and MagIran on related studies published i...

Environmental risk factors for multiple sclerosis

iii Glossary iv Kort sammanfattning på svenska v Miljöfaktorers betydelse för multipel skleros v Background 1 Multiple sclerosis overview 1 Pathogenesis, clinical and para-clinical features 2 Sub-types 3 Establishing a multiple sclerosis diagnosis 3 Treatment 4 Epidemiology and risk factors 5 Background 5 Epstein-Barr virus 6 Smoking 7 Season of birth 8 Vitamin D 8 Vitamin A 9 The genes 10 Spec...

Environmental risk factors in multiple sclerosis aetiology.

The epidemiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) has been intensively studied. It is conceptualised as a complex disease in which genetic and environmental factors act together to cause disease. There are temporal and geographic variations in disease risk, and risk of disease may be affected by migration between regions of differing risk. Numerous potential causal factors including infection, immuni...

Environmental risk factors in multiple sclerosis.

OBJECTIVES Multiple sclerosis (MS) likely results from an interaction between genetic and exogenous factors. While genetics shapes the overall population MS susceptibility, observed epidemiological patterns strongly suggest a role for the environment in disease initiation and modulation. RESULTS Findings from studies on seasonality in MS patients' birth, disease onset and exacerbations, as we...